The European Commission has referred Greece, Malta and Portugal to the Court of Justice of the European Union after finding that the three countries have not complied with the transposition deadline for Directive (EU) 2023/2413, which amends the 2018 renewable energy directive. The Commission sent formal notices in July 2025 and, after reviewing responses in December 2025, concluded that Greece and Portugal had not notified any transposition measures and that Malta had not provided a correlation table or explanatory document. The directive, which entered into force in November 2023, set a binding 2030 target of at least 42.5 % renewable energy and requires Member States to adopt measures covering electricity, heating, transport, buildings and industry. Failure to notify transposition measures can trigger Article 260(3) TFEU sanctions. The Commission is seeking the Court to impose financial penalties.
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