Authors of a recent research note expressed gratitude to discussants and seminar audiences from institutions including the Deutsche Bundesbank, the European Central Bank, the Bank for International Settlements, CEPR, the ECB Conference, Frankfurt/Mannheim Workshop, ECONDATA, and De Nederlandsche Bank. The note states that the authors’ views are independent of the ECB, the Deutsche Bundesbank, and the Eurosystem. The authors are Kartik Anand of the Deutsche Bundesbank; Sophia Kazinnik of Stanford University and the Harvard Institute of the Arts; Agnese Leonello of the ECB’s Directorate‑General for Research and Innovation, CEPR, and the Centre for Economic Policy Research; and Ettore Panetti of the University of Naples Federico II and its Centre for Studies in Economics and Finance. Copyright and download information are provided.
© European Central Bank, 2025.
Summary derived from the ECB website (https://www.ecb.europa.eu ).
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