The euro’s international role grew moderately in 2025, with its share across key indicators of global currency use rising to about 20% and continuing a steady upward trend since 2014. In 2025, international debt issued in euro reached its highest level since the currency’s introduction, up about 30% from 2024. The euro also became the leading currency for green and sustainable bonds, and foreign portfolio inflows to the euro area approached historical highs. However, challenges remain: central banks increased gold holdings amid geopolitical tensions, and some countries are developing alternative cross‑border payment systems, indicating fragmentation of the international monetary system. The ECB emphasizes that strengthening economic resilience, legal integrity, and geopolitical credibility is essential for further growth.
© European Central Bank, 2025.
Summary derived from the ECB website (https://www.ecb.europa.eu ).
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