Germany’s Education, Science and Research Expenditure Reaches €351 Billion in 2021, Accounting for 9.8% of GDP.

Public budgets and private sector in Germany spent approximately 351.3 billion euros on education, science, and research in 2021, which is a 5% increase compared to the previous year. The expenditure accounted for 9.8% of the gross domestic product (GDP) in 2021, which is similar to the preceding year but higher than in 2019 before the Covid-19 pandemic.